БИОИКОНОМИКАТА В УСЛОВИЯ НА COVID-19: СИТУАЦИЯТА В БЪЛГАРИЯ И ЛИТВА
Резюме
Биоикономиката се разглежда от ЕС като важна част от идеята за постигане на устойчиво развитие, което е въглеродно неутрално, съпроводено от технологична модернизация и ефективно използване на ресурсите. Ето защо Европейската комисия е разработила стратегия за нейното развитие, като отделните държави-членки приемат собствен подход в тази област. Във връзка с това е изследвана устойчивостта на биоикономиката към появата на здравен риск (COVID-19), като е проследена промяната в производството в някои от секторите й. Методологията включва проучване на биоикономическите особености на две държави-членки на ЕС – България и Литва. Чрез сравнение на количествени данни е проверена устойчивостта. Според получените резултати в контраст с очакванията за бавно възстановяване на националните икономики от кризата, свързана с пандемията, основните отрасли на хранително-вкусовата промишленост показват стабилност. Те могат да разчитат на способността си да удовлетворяват преориентирането на участниците в агрохранителната верига към местни стоки, което дава възможност за прилагане на практики за устойчиво развитие.
Ключови думи
JEL класификация
Литература (библиография)
Agricultural Academy (2020). Strategy for strengthening the role of the agricultural sector in the bioeconomy, https://www.agriacad.bg/bg/presscenter/news/article/ odobrena-strategiq-za-ukrepvane-rolqta-na-agrarniq-sektror-v-bioikonomikata-razrabotenaot-ekip-na-selskostopanska-akademiq (accessed 2021-02-03) (in Bulgarian).
Babones, S. J. (2013). Methods for quantitative macro-comparative research. Sage Publications.
BCRS (2020). Expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Sectoral analysis of the Bulgarian economy, http://bcra-bg.com/en/news/expected-impact-of-the-covid- 19-pandemic-sectoral-analysis-of-the-bulgarian-economy (accessed 2021-02-03).
Brizga, J., Miceikienė, A. & Liobikienė, G. (2019). Environmental aspects of the implementation of bioeconomy in the Baltic Sea Region: An input-output approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118238
De Besi, M., & McCormick, K. (2015). Towards a bioeconomy in Europe: National, regional and industrial strategies. Sustainability, 7 (8), рр. 10461-10478.
Dietz, T., Börner, J., Förster, J., von Braun, J. (2018). Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies, Sustainability, 10, 3190. DOI:10.3390/su10093190
Dvorak, J. (2020). Lithuanian COVID-19 lessons for public governance. In: Joyce, P., Maron, F., Reddy, P. S. (eds.). Good Public Governance in a Global Pandemic. Brussels: IIAS-IISA, pp. 329-338.
EC (1994). Growth, competitiveness, employment. The challenges and ways forward into the 21st century: White paper, https://op.europa.eu/en/publicationdetail/-/publication/0d563bc1-f17e-48ab-bb2a-9dd9a31d5004
EC (2012). Innovating for sustainable growth. A bioeconomy for Europe, https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/1f0d8515-8dc0-4435-ba539570e47dbd51
EC (2017). Jobs and Wealth in the European Union Bioeconomy, https://datam. jrc. ec.europa.eu/datam/mashup/BIOECONOMICS/index.html (accessed 2021-0203).
EC (2018). A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe: strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment, Updated Bioeconomy Strategy, https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/edace3e3-e189-11e8-b69001aa75ed71a1/ language-en/format-PDF/source-149755478
EC (2020). European Economic Forecast Autumn 2020, https://ec.europa.eu/ info/sites/info/files/economy-finance/ip136_en_2.pdf
Eurostat (2020). Recovery Dashboard, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/ recovery-dashboard/ (accessed 2021-02-03).
Fitch Solutions (2020). Bulgaria Consumer Outlook: 2020 Covid-19 Impact Assessment and 2021 Recovery Scenario.
Hajek, M., Holecova, M., Smolova, H., Jerabek, L., Frebort, I. (2020). Current state and future directions of bioeconomy in the Czech Republic, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.09.006
IAI (2020). Food Foresight: Impact of COVID-19 on the food sector in Central and Eastern Europe, Report on Bulgaria, https://www.eitfood.eu/media/download/ foodforesight/ EIT-Food-Bulgaria.pdf
IEA (2020). Global Energy Review 2020, https://www.iea.org/reports/globalenergy-review-2020.
Kotseva-Tikova, M., Mochurova, M. (2019). Development of Bioeconomics – Results in Bulgaria. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference “Economic Development and Policies – Realities and Prospects” 2019, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Economic Research Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (in Bulgarian).
Liobikiene, G., Balezentis, T., Streimikiene, D. & Chen, X. (2019). Evaluation of bioeconomy in the context of strong sustainability. Sustainable development, 27 (5), рр. 955-964.
Liobikiene, G., Chen, X., Streimikiene, D. & Balezentis, T. (2020). The trends in bioeconomy development in the European Union: Exploiting capacity and productivity measures based on the land footprint approach. Land Use Policy, 91, DOI: 10.1016/ j.landusepol.2019.104375.
McCormick, K., Kautto, N. (2013). The bioeconomy in Europe: An overview. Sustainability, 5 (6), рр. 2589-2608.
MLSP (2020). Brief Analysis of the Labour Market until September 2020, https://www. mlsp. government.bg/uploads/26/zaetost/september-2020-nrs-ii2020.pdf (accessed 2021-02-03) (in Bulgarian).
Motola, V., De Bari, I., Pierro, N., Giocoli, A. (ENEA) (2018). Bioeconomy and biorefining strategies in the EU Member States and beyond, https://www.ieabioenergy. com/ wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Bioeconomy-and-Biorefining-Strategies_Final-Report_ DEC2018.pdf
National Science Programme “Healthy foods for a strong bioeconomy and quality of life” (2018), http://www.nnp-food.au-plovdiv.bg/ (accessed 2021-02-03) (in Bulgarian).
NSI (2020). Activity and Condition of Non-financial enterprises under the conditions of Emergency and the Subsequent Epidemic Situation in November 2020, https://www.nsi. bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/ACT_NF2020-11_covid.pdf (in Bulgarian).
OECD (2009). The Bioeconomy to 2030. Designing a Policy Agenda, https:// www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/the-bioeconomy-to-2030_9789264056886-en
OECD/FAO (2020), Dairy and dairy products. In: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020-2029. Paris: OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/aa3fa6a0-en
Official Statistics Portal (2021). Business tendency survey results and economic sentiment indicator, https://osp.stat.gov.lt/informaciniai-pranesimai?articleId=8358334 (accessed 2021-02-01).
Ozoliņš, J. (2013). Effect of Integration on the Gross Value Added in the Baltic States Dairy Sector Secondary Level. Rural Sustainability Research, 28(1), рр. 20-28.
Qingbin, W. A. N. G., Liu, C. Q., Zhao, Y. F., Kitsos, A., Cannella, M., Wang, S. K. & Lei, H. A. N. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dairy industry: Lessons from China and the United States and policy implications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19 (12), рр. 2903-2915.
Ramcilovic-Suominen, S., Pülzl, H. (2018). Sustainable development – a ‘selling point’of the emerging EU bioeconomy policy framework? Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, рр. 4170-4180.
SOE Agricultural information and rural business center (2020). Pieną parduodančių ūkių struktūra, https://www.vic.lt/pieno-rinka/piena-parduodanciu- ukiu-struktura/ (accessed 2021-01-28).
WB (2020). Country Context, https://www.worldbank.org/en/ country/bulgaria/ overview#1 (accessed 2021-02-03).
Zeug, W., Bezama, A., Moesenfechtel, U., Jähkel, A., Thrän, D. (2019). Stakeholders’ interests and perceptions of bioeconomy monitoring using a sustainable development goal framework. Sustainability, 11 (6), 1511, https://doi.org/10.3390/ su11061511.
Internet sources:
http://www.eso.bg/?did=39 (accessed 2020-12-23).
https://www.mzh.government.bg/bg/statistika-i-analizi/izsledvane-zhivotnovdstvo/ danni/ (accessed 2021-02-03).
https://www.nsi.bg/bg/content/909/общи-индекси-на-оборота-в-промишлеността- 2015-100 (accessed 2021-01-28).
https://www.nsi.bg/bg/content/2206/бвп-производствен-метод-национално-ниво (accessed 2021-01-28).
https://www.nsi.bg/bg/content/2245/заети-лица-национално-ниво (accessed 2021-01-28).
https://www.nsi.bg/bg/content/7501/%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%BC% D0%B5%D1% 81%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8 (accessed 2021-02-15).
https://portal.seea.government.bg/bg/ByProducerAndEnergyObject (accessed 2021-02-03).